教學檔案(關係代名詞)

關係子句 〈形容詞子句〉
『一個小孩正在追一個男人』。這句話在文法上來說，相當完整，但卻顯得空洞，聽者無從想像那是個什麼樣的男人或小孩。此時我們如果用關係〈形容詞〉子句加以描述這個小孩或男人，Ex: 一個『背著書包的小孩』正在追一個男人；或一個小孩正追一個『穿紅夾克的』男人，是否就使得這個意象，從平面圖，變成了生動有趣的立體圖畫了呢？
是的，這就是形容詞子句的功效。很神奇吧！雖然有點難，卻值得學習，不是嗎？

※ 注意：上述例子中，『背著書包的』小孩及『穿紅夾克的』男人，就是在此所要討論的形容詞子句，它用來修飾前面的『小孩』或『男人』；也就是說當你動用到整個子句修飾前面的名詞時，即已進入了關係〈形容詞〉子句的範圍了。

※ 牛刀小試一下：
A. 找出下列中文句子裡的形容詞子句：
1. 我把媽媽上個禮拜給我的夾克放在衣櫥裡。
2. 那個昨天賣我海報的售貨員叫做馬克。
3. 那家窗戶被打破的書店就在轉角處。
B. 找出下列英文句子裡的形容詞子句：
1. Many people who live in Taipei now take the MRT to different places.
2. I’m looking at the pictures that we took during the past three years.
3. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

※ 先行詞〈亦稱前置/述詞〉：指的是放置在關係〈形容詞〉子句前，被子句修飾的那個名詞，稱之；因位置放在關係代名詞前，故又稱為前置詞。
Ex: The present which I bought yesterday is there.
形容詞子句→ which I bought yesterday (我昨天買的) 要修飾前面的名詞the present，故the present 就是先行詞。
※
關代引導形容詞子句的連接詞，我們稱為關係代名詞，它也有『格』的區分。
先行詞
主格
所有格
受格
人
who
whose
Whom或who
非人
which
Which或 of which
which
人+非人
that
X
that
關係代名詞的『格』
1. 關係代名詞的『格』，指的是它在『形容詞子句』中的格。
即→若選關代『主格』(who,which,that )着，後面一定是動詞
→ 若選關代『所有格』(whose)着，後面一定是名詞再加動詞
→若選關代『受格』(whom,which,that )着，後面一定有完整的主、動詞(甚至有介係詞)

2. 關代不管who或which，絕大部分都可用that替代：但『所有格』不可被that 取代。
Ex: I have met the salesperson who wants to sell me a car.
(S) + (V)
= I have met the salesperson that wants to sell me a car.
(S) + (V)
3. 關代中，主格和所有格是不能省略的：但受格可以。

練習：(一)下列例句中，關代是(1)什麼格、(2)可否省略?
1.I have a grammar book which is written by Mr. Chen.
2.This is the car which he bought last week.
3.He has a cousin whose hair is long..
4.The woman whom I work with is my aunt..
5.I want a husband who is always nice to me.
(二)填入適當的關係代名詞
1. The old man __________ lives next door to me is an engineer.
2. The teacher__________ Mary is talking to is my uncle.
3. I have a table__________ leg is broken.
4 This is the museum __________ I visited last weekend.
5. I remember the dog __________ bit me before.
6 He has a watch ____________ hands are out of order.

4.將兩簡單子句合併成主要子句+形容詞子句，基本上是有技巧可循的：
Step (1).找出上下兩句重複的名詞〈此即為先行詞〉，在此名詞下劃線。
(2).以上句為主，從頭抄，抄到劃線的先行詞後停止。
(3) 加入適當的關係代名詞後，轉抄下一句，重複的名詞不抄。〈此部分即為關係子句的
部 分〉
(4) 回頭檢視，上句是否有未抄完的部分，若有，則抄完它〈包括標點符號〉
(5).合併完成。
Ex: 合併句子：
1. The dialogue is very funny.
The dialogue is written by Mark Twain.
→The dialogue which is written by Mark Twain is very funny.
2. We called on the teacher.
Tina talked about the teacher.

3. The woman was a doctor before.
Her husband is jogging over there.

4. The girl drives very fast.
She is wearing sunglasses.

5. I have just got a letter. / Eric sent me the letter.


6. I know that boy.
His father teaches math in Tom’s class.

7. Mom hates the novels.
They are written about romance.

8. We met the boy that was invited to the dancing party.〈將句子分解成兩句〉

9. People who like to play sports usually watch TV about sports.(將句子分解成兩句)

※ 關係代名詞中，有關受格的部分：
1. 不管先行詞是人、或非人，其受格(who, which)皆可用that代替之。
Ex: The man is very popular at our school. / You are talking about the man.
→The man whom you are talking about is very popular at our school.
(關代受格) 此為關係子句中about的受詞
=The man that you are talking about is very popular at our school.
2.受格可以省略。
Ex: The man you are talking about is very popular at our school.
你有沒有注意到，此關係子句中，受格〈不管是who或 that〉皆已省略。
3.關代受格，若是關係子句中介係詞的受格着，則可將此介係詞提到關代前面去。
Ex. The man about whom you are talking is very popular at school.
(介係詞)+關代 (介詞about提到關代whom前面了 )
4.一旦介係詞提到關代前，則此關代受格就不可省略。
Ex: The man about you are talking is very popular at our school. ( X )
5.一旦介係詞提到關代前，則此關代受格就不可被that代替。
Ex: The man about that you are talking is very popular at our school. ( X )

※ 關代that的專利用法：
1. 先行詞是人與非人同時出現時，用之。
Ex: I saw a man and his dog ___________ take a walk in the park.
Ex: How can you look down on the poor man and his dog__________ are sitting there?
2. 先行詞前有『指定』意味的字(Ex: every, any, all, no, the very正是, the only, the same )修飾時用之。
Ex: This is the very house ___________ I’m trying to look for.
Ex: All __________ you have to do is do your best.你所能做的就是盡力而為。
Ex: I know every student __________ ran on the playground there.
Ex: No one ____________ use time well will waste so much time reading comic books.
Ex: Tom is the only one of the boys __________ is going to the party.
3. 先行詞前有最高級的字修飾時，用之。
Ex: The most beautiful present __________ I received is from my girl friend.
4. 先行詞前有序數的字修飾時，用之。
Ex: The first student __________ came into the classroom this morning is Sue.
5. 句首是由who 或which所引導的疑問句時。
Ex: Who who is rich will buy the house? ( X ) 有錢人誰會買那棟房子？
訂正→_________________________________________
Ex: Which is the table _____ you like best?
Ex: Who is the man __________ was standing at the door at 4:00?

※ 關代 that 的禁忌用法：
1. 介係詞之後不用that。
Ex: He is the student for ____ I bought a dictionary. (a. whom b .that)
2. 『，』之後不用that。
Ex: I, _____ am your friend, will do my best to help you. (a. who b. that )
3. 慣用語：『凡是…..的人』-people who…,those who….they who…..
Ex: Those _____ use their money well usually can do more things. (a.who b.that)
Ex: Heaven helps those ______ help themselves. (a. who b. that )天助自助者

※ 形容詞子句的補述用法
1. 形容詞子句，主要是用來限定修飾主要子句中的名詞，故稱此類用法為限定用法。
但若所欲修飾的名詞，有『獨一性』(即它只有一個)或是『眾所周知的那一個』，則用補述用法，它是屬於補充說明性質。
(合併句子)
Ex: I have a brother, who is a professor.
→Q: How many brothers does the writer have?_________(此即『獨一性』)
Ex: My father is a doctor. / My father lives in Japan.(合併句子)
→My father _____________ lives in Japan is a doctor.(※father有獨一性，因而使用補述用法)
2. 補述用法的做法就是將形容詞子句前後以『，』隔開，導入關係子句所要修飾的名詞後即可
。Ex: 承上例 I have a brother who is a professor. ( X )
→訂正：__________________________________________
3. 形容詞子句，作補述用法時，關代不用that，也不管是什麼格，一律不可省略。
。Ex: 承上例 I have a brother, that is a professor. ( X )
→訂正：__________________________________________

※ 複合關係代名詞與關係副詞when、where

1. 複合關係代名詞what =先行詞 + 關係代名詞
即，當你發現該填關係代名詞的空格前，竟然沒有名詞時，就是要填關係複合代名詞what的時機。
亦即，複合關係代名詞what 本身已包含先行詞在內了。(或換句話說，用複合關係代名詞what時，前面是沒有先行詞的 )
Ex: I don’t know the thing which he wants.
先行詞 + 關代
= I don’t know what he wants. 我不知道他要什麼
複合關代
2. 關係副詞when = 介係詞+關係代名詞
3. 關係副詞where = 介係詞+關係代名詞
Ex: August is a month in which the weather is still hot.八月是個天氣還很熱的月份
= August is a month when the weather is still hot.
Ex: The hotel which we stayed at was very comfortable.我們住的那間旅館很舒服
= The hotel at which we stayed was very comfortable.
=The hotel where we stayed was very comfortable.
練習： 合併句子，寫出所有可能的結構
1. The chair is my favorite. / Tom is sitting on the chair.
________________________________________________________
=________________________________________________________
=________________________________________________________
=________________________________________________________
=________________________________________________________
2. The thing may be possible in 20 years. / The thing is impossible now.
________________________________________________________
=________________________________________________________
=________________________________________________________
3. ( ) He is not _____ he used to be. (a. who b. that c. X d. what )
4. ( ) This is the place _____I was born in 1978. (a. X b. which c. where d.what)
5. ( ) I love the place ____we called at last year.(a.where b.which c.what d.that)(複選)
6. ( ) Never put off until tomorrow _____ you can do today.今日事今日畢
(a. what b. that c. X d. which)

※形容詞子句的簡化
1.形容詞子句簡化後，會形成：分詞片語、介係詞片語或同位語。
Ex: The girl who is wearing a red dress is Maggie.形容詞子句
=The girl wearing a red dress is Maggie.分詞片語
=The girl in a red dress is Maggie.介係詞片語
2.上述各類句型的變化其步驟為：
(1) 將形容詞子句中的關代及be-V去掉
(2) 再將形容詞子句中的動詞，恢復成原形動詞後，再化為現在分詞(表先行詞自己會做的動作，主動意)，或過去分詞(表被動意)，此極為分詞片語。
(3) 若要化為介係詞片語，則將形容詞子句中的關代〈及be-V〉去掉，再將動詞化為題意所需的介係詞，此即為介係詞片語。
練習：簡化句子
1. I know the man who wears glasses.
=_____________________________________________(分詞片語)
=_____________________________________________(介係詞片語)
2. There stands a man who wears a black jacket.
=_____________________________________________(分詞片語)
=_____________________________________________(介係詞片語)
3.The pizza which is made in Pizza Hot is very delicious.
=______________________________________________(分詞片語)
4. There is a department store which is between the bank and the park.
=_____________________________________________(介係詞片語)
5. I’m afraid of the girl who was scared by Tom.
=______________________________________________(分詞片語)
6. Tom is my teacher, who is Mr. Martin.
=______________________________________________(同位語)
( )7.Her brother is the boy_____ the most comic books. (a. who have b.that c. in d.with )
( )8. The girl _____ a red skirt is Jenny White. (a. with b. who wear c. wearing d. who wearing )
( )9. The man_____ about the game is a Dino’s fan. (a. with b. who excited c. exciting d. excited )

The Total Practice
一、Choice:
1.( ) I’ve found that thief _____. (a. which has long hair b. in long hair c. who have long hair d. with long hair )
2.( ) Did you meet the boy to_____ you wrote an e-mail?
(a. that b. who c. whom d which )
3.( ) Your brother, who _____ my close friend, should help me. (a. is b.am c.are d. be )
4.( ) I, who ____ your close friend, should help you. (a. is b. am c. are d. be )
5.( ) I have a cousin _____ wife is a doctor. (a. who b. whom c. whose d. his )
6.( ) The girl _____ was Susan’s sister. (a. to that I spoke b. whom Mary talked c. with who Cathy lived d. they talked about )
7.( ) Do you know the man_____? (複選) (a. who John is b.is with Mary c. whom Tina talked to d. John is with )
8.( ) The stranger _____ last night was nice.
(a. met us b. we met c. we met him d. whom met us )
9.( ) Jane is one of the students who _____ good English.
(a. speak b. talk c. talks d. to speak )
10.( ) The girls _____ short hair _____ my students. (a. who has; are b. who have; are c. with; is d. who with; are )
11.( ) I like the house _____ the Wangs live. (a. which b. that c. in which d. in where )
12.( ) This is the same watch _____ I want to buy. (a. who b. which c. what d. that )
13.( ) You should read the books _____ interest you. (a.who b.whim c.that d.what )
14.( ) Jenny and I are talking about the salesperson _____ we met yesterday. (複選)
(a. who b. what c. which d. whom e. X )
15.( )Jenny and I are talking about the salesperson _____ we met yesterday.
(a.who b. what c. which d. whom )
16.( ) People _____ live here are nice and police. (a. who b. whom c. that d.which )
17.( )The girl ____red shoes is Mr. Ma’s daughter.(複選)
(a. in b. with c. wears d. that wears)
18.( ) She wants a husband ____ can stay with her all the time. (複選)
(a. X b. who c. which d. that )
19.( ) The fruit _____ in this supermarket is very fresh. (複選)
(a. is sold b. which sold c. which is sold d. sold )
20.( ) I visited the teacher about _____ David talked. (a. whom b. who c. which d. that )
21.( ) You should read _____ interest you. (a. who b. whom c. that d. what )
22.( ) The song _____ is my favorite. (a. which you listened to it b. you listened c. to which you listened d. which is listened )
23.( ) The cat _____ under the desk is sleeping. (複選) (a.which b.X c.is d.which is )
24.( ) Which is the dessert _____ you want to order? (a.what b.which c.that d.who )
25.( ) Does he mean the person _____ next to your husband?
(a. who b. that c. which d. whom e. X )
26.( ) Who is the man ____is sitting next to an old man? (a.who b.that c.which d.whom)
27.( ) I met some boys, two of _____are living next to me. (a.them b.who c.whom d.that)
28.( ) I met some boys. Two of ___are living next to me.(a.them b. who c. whom d. that)
29.( ) Can you see the woman and her dog _____ Kim is running after? (複選)
(a. who b. whom c. which d. that e. X )
30.( ) He was _____ he wanted to be. (a. what b. who c. whom d. which )
31.( ) He was the person _____ he wanted to be. (a.what b.who c.whom d.which)
32.( ) Tom is the only one of the students that _____ able to speak very good Engglish.
(a. is b. are c. has d. have )
33.( ) Is there anything _____ I can do for you? (a.which b.who c.of which d.that)
34.( ) This is the very house_____ they’ve been looking for.
(a. which b. where c. that d. of which)
35.( ) Any man _____ listen to him is a fool. (a. who b. which c. what d. that )
36.( ) The man _____ is over there. (a. whom met b. teaches French c. you talked d.with whom you worked )
37.( ) She is the prettiest girl _____ I have ever known. (a.who b.what c.which d.that)
38.( ) The girls _____ outside the market _____ laughing.
(a. who stands; are b. stand; is c. who standing; are d. who are standing; are )
39.( ) He wants to visit his pen pal, Matt, _____ he has never met before.
(a. whom b. who c. that d. which )
40.( ) I really like the toy spider ___ can move.(複選)(a.that b.which c.of which d who e. X )
41.( ) In the future, robots will do some jobs _____ are dangerours.
(a. which b. who c. when c. where)
42.( ) Only those people _____ can love others.
(a. which are loved b. which love them c. who love themselves d. who is loved)
43.( ) The present was just _____ I want. (a. which b. what c. why d. when )
44.( ) The present was just the thing _____ I want. (a. which b. what c. why d. when )
45.( ) Was it the boy or the dog _____ made the noise? (a.which b.who c.that d.what )
46.( ) Hey！Every one _____ wears a jacket, come here , please.
(a. who b. that c . which d. X e. whose )
47.( ) All _____ you have to do is concentrate on your studies. (複選)
(a. what b. which c. X d. who e. that )
48.( ) I know Mary, _____ is John’s sister. (a. what b. that c. whom d. who )
49.( ) Please give me the magazine _____. (a. that you read last night b. which Mr. Green brings it c. to which Mr. Green brings d. who liked to read )
50.( ) This is the restaurant_____ we ate dinner. (複選)
(a. in which b. which c. in where d. where )
51.( ) _____ is correct or wrong today may not be the same in the future.
(a.what b. that c. it d. this )
52.( ) The thing _____ is correct or wrong today may not be the same in the future.
(a.what b. that c. it d. this )
53.( ) Mr. Kao is the most handsome man _____ I’ve ever seen. . (複選)
(a. who b. that c. what d. whose e. X )
54.( ) Give me something _____ can interest me . (複選)
(a. which b. that c. X d. who e. whom )
55.( ) I like the house, _____ he lives. (a. which b. that c .in which d. in where )
56.( ) He is the only man _____ I want to see. (a.who b.whom c.which d.that )
57.( ) I live in Hsinchu, _____ is famous for its windy weather.
(a. where b. it c. here d. which )
58.( ) The boy _____ was my friend. (a. to that I spoke b. whom Mary talked c. with who Tom lived d. Jane talked about )
59.( ) I tell you, Grant _____ teaches English in Jacob’s , is the greatest.
(a. he b. that c. whom d. who e. X )
60.( ) Could you help me to find the book the cover(封面) _____ is red?
(a. which b. whose c. of which d. that e. X )
61.( ) The chair _____ he is sitting on is very old (a. on which b.on that c.which d.that)
62.( ) The chair _____ he is sitting is very old (a. which b. on that c. where d. that)
63.( )_____ he is sitting on is very old. (a. on which b.on that c.which d.that)
二、合併句子：依提示以形容詞子句合併〈關代不省略〉
1. The man was taken to the hospital. / The man wore large glasses.

2. Here is a comic book. / It is interesting.

3. Who took the pictures? / We like the pictures very much.

4. Mary is the first student. / She answered the question.

5. Those would not throw stones. / They live in glass house.

6. Her husband is my favorite teacher. / He teaches us Chemistry.

7. Did you see the man? / His hair was brown and long.

8. Mr. Clinton likes that house. / Its windows are so big.

三、填入所有可用的關代〈若能省略，亦請打X〉：
Ex: I want the computer which,that,X he bought last night.
1. He is the man _______________ I want to see.
2. My sister, _______________ is Nora, is a secretary.
3. I will buy a car _______________ color is green.
4. She is the only girl _______________ I love best.
5. He is the man _______________ I’m waiting for.
6. This is the house in _______________ Tom lives.
7. Sam is the player about _______________ we are think.
8. My cousin ____________ nose is big has a special talent for science.
9. We saw a young man and his puppy_____________ ran through the park.
10. Did he know the man___________________ car was painted badly.
11. I don’t like the chair ____________________ arms were broken.
12. Candy ate her dinner at the restaurant ___________________was talked about last Sunday.
13. Tina wants to know ___________________you know.
14. Jenny would like to buy the chair _____________________ you often sit..
15. Have you finish _________________________your mom asked you to do?